Breeding beans for resistance to terminal drought in the Lowland tropics

In the lowland regions of Latin America, a large proportion of beans are sown at the beginning of a dry season where a guaranteed terminal (end-of-season) drought will reduce yields. This study was undertaken to identify lines within two black bean recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations with resistance to terminal drought. The two RIL populations were developed from crosses between a drought resistant line, B98311 from Michigan, with TLP 19 and VAX 5, two lines from CIAT with improved disease resistance and adaptation to growing conditions in Latin America. The RIL populations were evaluated in experiments conducted in Zamorano, Honduras and Veracruz, Mexico under drought stress and well-watered (non-stress) treatments. Yields were reduced in each experiment by drought and the fungal pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina. Drought stress, disease pressure and low yields contributed to high coefficients of variation (CV), which made it difficult to select superior lines. Selection was based on rank of geometric mean (GM) yield calculated from the yield in the stress and non-stress treatments. One RIL, L88-63 ranked first in GM yield at both locations. Subsequent testing in Honduras and Michigan confirmed the high yield potential and broad adaptation of L88-63. Breeding beans for drought resistance in lowland tropical environments should also include breeding for resistance to M. phaseolina. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

State and Prospects of Physics-Based Free-form Surface Modeling

Physics based modeling is one of the keen free form surface modeling method at present, and it should be a practical surface modeling method in the future. In Physics based modeling, the object is viewed as a physics and not a pure geometry model. According to its physics principle and math representation, the physics based models are mainly classified into two types:energy model and dynamic Lagrangian model. The fundamental theory is introduced, and the principle, development and application state of each model is reviewed. To provide designer more naturally design ability and to introduce more flexible geometric modeling methods are the prospect of future researches on physics based free form surface modeling is outlined at last.     

湖南省南岳原生性森林群落的研究--Ⅴ.物种多样性与相对多度分布格局

对湖南省南岳原生性森林群落植物物种进行了研究.结果表明,其多样性水平比较高,接近山地季雨林的水平,其中,群落草本层的多样性水平最低,乔木层和灌木层的较高.在5种不同的原生性森林群落类型中,乔木层和草本层的物种多样性以类型3(包石栎 锐齿槲栎 甜槠 多脉青冈-箬竹-求米草群丛)的最高, 以类型4(甜槠-花竹 云和新木姜子-淡竹叶 莎草群丛)的最低;灌木层物种多样性以类型3(包石栎 锐齿槲栎 甜槠 多脉青冈-箬竹-求米草群丛)的最高, 类型2(长叶石栎 多脉青冈-尾叶山茶-求米草群丛)的最低.植物物种相对多度分布格局的测定结果表明,分割线段模型中的序列-多度模型适宜于拟合乔木层物种与其个体数量之间的关系,对数级数分布模型适宜于拟合乔木层和灌木层;其α指数值较高,说明群落物种多样性水平较高,接近山地季雨林.分析表明, 测定群落植物物种多样性时, 如果仅用1～2个公式计算, 可能会出现错误的结果;此外, 提出了几何级数分布模型--极大值算法.     

面向虚拟森林经营管理的树木交互式参数建模方法

从树木构筑概念出发,将传统的几何建模技术与树木形态结构结合,提出了一种交互式参数建模的方法.采用主干、枝条、叶片三类参数来描述和定义树木,约定了一系列的建模规则和参数化调节方法,并构建了一个树类.林业管理者通过输入熟悉的参数平台交互式地构建各种具有不同几何特征的树木,并且能够建立不同生长阶段的三维几何树模型,其模型简单且形态逼真,能够充分地表现树木的空间结构.     

求解非线性方程组的一种改进的ABS算法

给出了非线性方程组分量方程的一种非线性度量,根据这种度量,提出了求解非线性方程组的一种改进的ＡＢＳ算法,用该算法将较少的计算量用于非线性程度较低的分量方程,将较多的计算量用于非线性程度较高的方程。初步的数值试验结果表明,与原来的非线性ＡＢＳ算法相比,大多数情况下,改进后的算法收敛速度较快。     

几何参数对矩形微通道内流体流动特性的影响

以试验手段对8根不同水力直径矩形微通道内蒸馏水的流动特性进行研究,测量得到了矩形微通道内流体流动时摩擦阻力系数f和摩擦常数P_o随Re数的变化规律,分析了矩形微通道水力直径、深宽比及长径比等几何参数对其内流体流动特性的影响规律和方式.结果表明:对于深宽比相同的微矩形通道,水力直径或长径比的减小都将引起内流体流动的f值和Po值的增大;而对于长径比相近而深宽比不同的矩形微通道而言,随着深宽比的减小,微通道内的f值和Po值也将增大;文中研究范围内,深宽比对矩形微通道内流体流动特性的影响更大;矩形微通道内流体流动的摩擦阻力系数是水力直径、深宽比及长径比等几何参数的复杂函数.     

柴油机配气机构两种凸轮型线的设计及性能对比

利用几何法和函数法对4125柴油机配气机构的凸轮型线进行设计,通过计算和比较两种凸轮型线下挺柱运动的位移、速度和加速度曲线得出:几何凸轮型线的换气时面值大,有利于提高发动机的充量系数,但在气门开启和关闭的瞬间以及速度的绝对值达到最大时,挺柱的加速度均发生突变,因此,采用几何凸轮的配气机构将产生较大的振动和噪声;函数凸轮挺柱的加速度连续光滑变化,在整个工作阶段,无加速突变,并且其最大加速度的绝对值约为几何凸轮挺柱最大加速度绝对值的1/2,所以,采用函数凸轮的配气机构工作平稳,产生的振动和噪声小,但对进气充量有不利影响,可通过增大气门直径或采用多气门等工程上常用的措施加以改善.     

基于改进的几何活动轮廓模型的叶片自动分割

叶片的形态测量在苗木生长自动监测中具有重要意义,在形态测量前首先要将完整的叶片从背景中提取出来.针对彩色苗木叶片图像的特点研究了利用几何活动轮廓模型进行完整叶片的自动分割的方法.首先利用图像的全局信息和C-V模型进行初始分割,当曲线到达目标边界附近时,利用改进的基于图像局部信息的能量模型进行边界的精确定位.该方法将C-...     

旋翼无人机遥感图像几何纠正的初步研究

基于旋翼无人机遥感平台信息采集的试探性研究,介绍了获得图像几何畸变特征及其纠正方法。研究结果表明,旋翼无人机所获得图像几何畸变明显,经几何纠正后,所获得的田块信息精度能满足精准农业的要求。     

Reliability Analysis of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Concrete Filled Tube High Piers

To deal with the contradiction between accuracy and time consuming, a model of reliability analysis of CFT was proposed based on the response surface and nonlinear finite element method, And Initial geometric imperfection was induced by consistent mode imperfection method.The reliability index and sensitivity coefficients of CFT high piers were invested by the proposed model.The effects of slenderness, eccentricity and diameter thickness ratio on reliability index of concrete filled tube high piers were studied by parameter analysis method.Meanwhile, the influence of geometric nonlinearity was also analyzed and the reliability of CFT high pier could be affected by factors mentioned above.Based on the analysis, several suggestions for improving the reliability of CFT high piers were proposed.